Estimate your 10-year risk of a major osteoporotic fracture based on key risk factors.
FRAX (Fracture Risk Assessment Tool) was developed by the University of Sheffield to estimate the 10-year probability of a major osteoporotic fracture (hip, spine, forearm, or humerus). It uses clinical risk factors with or without bone mineral density (DEXA scan).
This calculator uses a simplified version of the FRAX methodology. For the full FRAX tool with country-specific data, visit frax.shef.ac.uk.
In Australia, the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) uses fracture risk to determine eligibility for osteoporosis medications. Generally, a 10-year risk above 20% for major fractures or above 3% for hip fractures is considered high risk.
Weight-bearing exercise: Walking, jogging, dancing, and resistance training strengthen bones. Aim for 30 minutes most days.
Calcium: Aim for 1,000–1,300 mg/day through diet (dairy, leafy greens, fortified foods). Supplements if dietary intake is insufficient.
Vitamin D: Essential for calcium absorption. Sun exposure, oily fish, and supplements if needed. Most Australians need 600–1,000 IU/day.
Falls prevention: Balance exercises, home safety modifications, vision checks, medication review. Falls cause 90% of hip fractures.
Stop smoking and limit alcohol: Both directly weaken bones.
Medications: Bisphosphonates, denosumab, and other treatments are available on the PBS for eligible patients. Your GP can assess whether treatment is appropriate.
Medicare rebates a DEXA scan (bone density test) when you have specific risk factors. Common eligibility includes:
Women aged 70+ or men aged 70+ (no other risk factors needed), anyone with a previous minimal trauma fracture, people on long-term corticosteroids, those with conditions causing bone loss (coeliac, rheumatoid arthritis, early menopause before age 45, hyperthyroidism), and people starting osteoporosis treatment.
Talk to your GP — they can determine if you're eligible for a Medicare-rebated scan. The scan is painless and takes about 10–15 minutes.